Metabolic Biomarkers | Blood Test Guide

Speed of aging (years/chronological years)

Metabolic

Optimal range: 0.0 - 0.6 years/chronological years

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

Sleep (%)

Neurological

Optimal range: 90 - 100 %

Also known as: PSG, Polysomnography, Sleep study

6 testing methods 8 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

Fasting Glucose (mg/dL)

Metabolic

Optimal range: 70 - 80 mg/dL

Also known as: Fasting Blood Sugar, FBS, Fasting Plasma Glucose, Fasting Glucose Test

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Insulin (uIU/mL)

Gender specific Metabolic

Optimal range: ≥ 2.0 uIU/mL

Also known as: Insulin, Insulin test, C-peptide test, Glycemic control test, Insulin antibody test

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Uric Acid (mg/dL)

Gender specific Metabolic

Optimal range: ≥ 3.5 mg/dL

Also known as: Uric Acid, UA, Serum Uric Acid, Uric Acid Test

4 testing methods 7 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

VO2 max (mL/(kg-min))

Gender specific Cardiovascular

Optimal range: 50.0 - 90.0 mL/(kg-min)

Also known as: VO2 max, maximal oxygen uptake, max aerobic capacity, aerobic capacity test, oxygen consumption test

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Whole Blood

SmO2 (% time<10%) (%)

Muscle

Optimal range: 0 - 10 %

3 testing methods 5 lifestyle factors Blood Oxygen Saturation is typically derived from capillary, venous, or arterial blood gas analysis. For SmO2 testing, focus is on muscle tissue oxygenation specifically and therefore would be more focused on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensor readings from tissues rather than traditional blood samples.

Bone Mineral Density (Z score)

Bone

Optimal range: ≥ 3.0 Z score

Also known as: BMD, DEXA, DXA scan, Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, Bone density test

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Scan

Grip Strength (lbs)

Gender specific Muscle

Optimal range: ≥ 80 lbs

Also known as: Grip Strength Test, Hand Grip Test, Dynamometer Test, Handgrip Strength Test, HGS

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors N

Fat (optimal) (L visceral)

Cardiovascular

Optimal range: ≥ 0.0 L visceral

Also known as: LDL, Low-Density Lipoprotein, HDL, High-Density Lipoprotein, Triglycerides, Total Cholesterol

2 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

TSH (uIU/mL)

Hormonal

Optimal range: 0.5 - 2.0 uIU/mL

Also known as: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, TSH test

5 testing methods 5 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Apo-A1 (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular

Optimal range: ≥ 150 mg/dL

Also known as: Apolipoprotein A1, ApoA1

6 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

Gender specific Cardiovascular

Optimal range: 0 - 50 mg/dL

Also known as: TG, Triglyceride test, Serum triglycerides

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

oxLDL (ng/mL)

Cardiovascular

Optimal range: 0.0 - 20.0 ng/mL

Also known as: oxLDL, oxidized LDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein

6 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Systolic BP (mmHg)

Cardiovascular

Optimal range: 90 - 120 mmHg

Also known as: SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure, systolic BP

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood

GFR (mL/min/1.73m²)

Kidney

Optimal range: ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73m²

Also known as: GFR, Glomerular Filtration Rate, eGFR, Estimated GFR

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Creatinine (mg/dL)

Gender specific Kidney

Optimal range: 0.6 - 0.9 mg/dL

Also known as: Creatinine clearance, CrCl, Serum creatinine, Urinary creatinine, Creatinine serum test

6 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Cystatin-C (mg/L)

Kidney

Optimal range: 0 - 0.7 mg/L

Also known as: Cystatin-C, Cystatin C, CyC

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

GGT (U/L)

Liver

Optimal range: 0 - 10 U/L

Also known as: GGT, Gamma GT, Gamma-glutamyl transferase

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular

Optimal range: 80.0 - 160.0 mg/dL

Also known as: TC, Total Chol, Cholesterol, Cholesterol, Total

7 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular

Optimal range: 10.0 - 70.0 mg/dL

Also known as: LDL, Low-Density Lipoprotein, LDL-C

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular

Optimal range: 60.0 - 100.0 mg/dL

Also known as: HDL, High-Density Lipoprotein, HDL-C, HDL cholesterol

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

HDL Large (mg/dL)

Gender specific Cardiovascular

Optimal range: 20.0 - 30.0 mg/dL

Also known as: HDL, High-Density Lipoprotein, HDL Cholesterol

3 testing methods 8 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

LDL Medium (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular

Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: LDL cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein, LDL-C

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

LDL Particle Number (nmol/L)

Cardiovascular

Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: LDL-P, LDL Particle Number, Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Number

6 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

LDL Pattern (A or B)

Cardiovascular

Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: LDL pattern, Low-Density Lipoprotein pattern, LDL subclass analysis

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

LDL Peak Size (nm)

Gender specific Cardiovascular

Optimal range: 20.5 - 22.0 nm

Also known as: LDL-P, Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Size, LDL Particle Size

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

LDL Small (nmol/L)

Cardiovascular

Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: LDL, Low-Density Lipoprotein, LDL-C, LDL Cholesterol

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

Lipoprotein Fractionation (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular

Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: Lipoprotein profile, Lipid panel, LDL subfraction analysis, HDL subfraction analysis

7 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Non-HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular

Optimal range: 0.0 - 80.0 mg/dL

Also known as: Non-HDL-C, Non-HDL Cholesterol

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Total Lipids (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular

Optimal range: 300.0 - 600.0 mg/dL

Also known as: Total Lipids, Lipid Panel, Lipid Profile

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Alanine Transaminase (ALT) (U/L)

Gender specific Liver

Optimal range: 7.0 - 35.0 U/L

Also known as: SGPT, Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) (mg/dL)

Gender specific Kidney

Optimal range: 7.0 - 20.0 mg/dL

Also known as: BUN, Blood Urea Nitrogen

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

BUN / Creatinine Ratio (ratio)

Gender specific Kidney

Optimal range: 10.0 - 20.0 ratio

Also known as: BUN/Cr Ratio, Blood Urea Nitrogen to Creatinine Ratio, Urea/Creatinine Ratio

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Calcium (mg/dL)

Gender specific Bone

Optimal range: 8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL

Also known as: Calcium, Ca, Total Calcium, Ionized Calcium, Serum Calcium

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Carbon Dioxide (mmol/L)

Gender specific Metabolic

Optimal range: 20.0 - 29.0 mmol/L

Also known as: CO2, Carbon Dioxide Level, Total Carbon Dioxide (TCO2), Venous Carbon Dioxide, Arterial Carbon Dioxide

6 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Chloride (mmol/L)

Gender specific Electrolytes

Optimal range: 98.0 - 107.0 mmol/L

Also known as: Chloride test, Cl, Serum chloride, Urine chloride

7 testing methods 5 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Glucose (mg/dL)

Metabolic

Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: Glucose, Blood sugar, Fasting blood sugar, Random blood sugar

7 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) (nmol/L)

Gender specific Hormonal

Optimal range: 10.0 - 45.0 nmol/L

Also known as: SHBG, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Testosterone, Free (pg/mL)

Gender specific Hormonal

Optimal range: ≥ 15.0 pg/mL

Also known as: Free testosterone, FT, Testosterone free

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular

Optimal range: 40.0 - 80.0 mg/dL

Also known as: Apo B, Apolipoprotein B, Apolipoprotein B-100, Atherogenic protein

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Cortisol (µg/dL)

Hormonal

Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: Cortisol, Hydrocortisone, C21H30O5

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Estradiol (E2) (male) (pg/mL)

Hormonal

Optimal range: 10.0 - 30.0 pg/mL

Also known as: Estradiol, E2, Estrogen test

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (%)

Metabolic

Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: HbA1c, Glycated hemoglobin, A1C test

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Whole Blood

Homocysteine (µmol/L)

Gender specific Cardiovascular

Optimal range: 5.0 - 15.0 µmol/L

Also known as: Homocysteine, Hcy

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

Magnesium (mg/dL)

Gender specific Electrolytes

Optimal range: 1.8 - 2.2 mg/dL

Also known as: Magnesium, Mg, Serum magnesium, Magnesium blood test, Magnesium level

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) (mIU/L)

Thyroid

Optimal range: 0.3 - 1.8 mIU/L

Also known as: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, TSH test, Thyrotropin

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Omega 6 Total (percentage)

Gender specific Metabolic

Optimal range: 1.0 - 3.0 percentage

Also known as: Omega-6 fatty acids, Omega-6 total, LA (Linoleic Acid) test

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

Omega 6: Linoleic Acid (mol/mol)

Gender specific Inflammatory

Optimal range: 40.0 - 60.0 mol/mol

Also known as: Linoleic Acid, LA, Omega-6 fatty acid

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

Arachidonic Acid/EPA Ratio (ratio)

Gender specific Inflammatory

Optimal range: 1.5 - 3.0 ratio

Also known as: AA/EPA Ratio, Arachidonic Acid to Eicosapentaenoic Acid Ratio

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

IGF-1 (ng/mL)

Hormonal

Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: Insulin-like Growth Factor 1, IGF-1, Somatomedin C

5 testing methods 5 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Amylase (U/L)

Metabolic

Optimal range: 30.0 - 100.0 U/L

Also known as: Amylase, Serum Amylase, Salivary Amylase, Amy

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

DHEA-Sulfate (µg/dL)

Gender specific Hormonal

Optimal range: ≥ 400 µg/dL

Also known as: DHEA-S, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, DHEA

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Leptin (ng/mL)

Metabolic

Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: Leptin test, serum leptin, leptin blood test

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Lipase (U/L)

Gender specific Metabolic

Optimal range: 13.0 - 60.0 U/L

Also known as: Lipasemia, LIP, Lipase Test

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Prolactin (ng/mL)

Gender specific Hormonal

Optimal range: 4.0 - 15.0 ng/mL

Also known as: PRL, Serum Prolactin, Prolactin Level

6 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Thyroxine (T4) Free (ng/dL)

Gender specific Hormonal

Optimal range: 0.8 - 1.8 ng/dL

Also known as: Free T4, Free Thyroxine, T4 Free, Thyroxine, Total T4

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Triiodothyronine (T3) Free (pg/mL)

Gender specific Thyroid

Optimal range: 2.3 - 4.2 pg/mL

Also known as: Free T3, Triiodothyronine Free, FT3

2 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Albumin/Creatinine Ratio - Urine (mg/g)

Kidney

Optimal range: 0.0 - 30.0 mg/g

Also known as: ACR, Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, Urine ACR, Albumin/Creatinine Ratio

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Spot Urine

Creatinine - Urine (mg/dL)

Kidney

Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: Urinary creatinine, Urine creatinine, Creatinine clearance test, CrCl

1 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Urine

Albumin (Microalbumin) - Urine (mg/L)

Gender specific Kidney

Optimal range: 0.0 - 30.0 mg/L

Also known as: Urinary Albumin, Microalbuminuria, UACR, Urine Microalbumin, Creatinine-adjusted Microalbumin

1 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Urine

Progesterone (ng/mL)

Hormonal

Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: P4, Progesterone blood test, 17-OH progesterone

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum