About Apo-A1
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is the main protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma. It plays a critical role in cholesterol metabolism, particularly in the reverse transport of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion. ApoA-I acts as a cofactor for lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), which is essential for the formation of mature HDL particles.
Reference Values
Optimal Range
≥ 150 mg/dL
Elite Value
200 mg/dL
Health Implications
{"high": "Elevated levels may indicate a potential risk for amyloidosis or other rare conditions where excessive accumulation of proteins occurs in the body.", "low": "Low levels may be associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases, as it might indicate decreased removal of cholesterol from the blood. "}
Symptoms
High
May include increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, decreased lifespan, potential for fatty liver development, and altered cholesterol levels.
Low
Can include risk of coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, possibly increased risk for metabolic syndrome, and elevated inflammatory markers.
Lifestyle Factors
Specimen Type
Testing Methods
Also Known As
Scientific Sources
- Toth, P. P., Barter, P. J., Rosenson, R. S., Boden, W. E., Chapman, M. J., Cuchel, M., D'Agostino, R. B., Davidson, M. H., Davidson, W. S., Heinecke, J. W., Karas, R. H., Kontush, A., Krauss, R. M., Miller, M., Rader, D. J., Remaley, A. T., Schaefer, E. J., Shear, C. L., & Rocco, M. B. (2019). High-density lipoproteins: a consensus statement from the National Lipid Association. Journal of Clinical Lipidology, 13(5), 860–884.
- Rosenson, R. S., Brewer, H. B., Davidson, W. S., Fayad, Z. A., Fuster, V., Goldstein, J., Hellerstein, M., Jiang, X. C., Phillips, M. C., Rader, D. J., Santos, R. D., Shao, B., Sniderman, A., & Toth, P. P. (2020). Cholesterol efflux and atheroprotection: advancing the concept of reverse cholesterol transport. Circulation, 141(12), 873–884.
- Rader, D. J., & Hovingh, G. K. (2014). HDL and cardiovascular disease. The Lancet, 384(9943), 618–625.
- Heinecke, J. W. (2012). The HDL proteome: a marker—and perhaps mediator—of coronary artery disease. Journal of Lipid Research, 50(Suppl), S167–S171.
- Gordon, S. M., Hofmann, S., Askew, D. S., & Davidson, W. S. (2011). High-density lipoprotein: it's not just about lipid transport anymore. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 22(1), 9–15.