Cardiovascular Biomarkers

Learn about key biomarkers related to cardiovascular health

Biomarkers > Categories > Cardiovascular

Cardiovascular Biomarkers

Sleep (%)

Neurological
Optimal range: 90 - 100 %

Also known as: PSG, Polysomnography, Sleep study

6 testing methods 8 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

Telomere length (Kb)

General Health
Optimal range: ≥ 10 Kb

Also known as: Telomere length measurement, TL test, Telomere analysis

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Uric Acid (mg/dL)

Gender specific Metabolic
Optimal range: ≥ 3.5 mg/dL

Also known as: Uric Acid, UA, Serum Uric Acid, Uric Acid Test

4 testing methods 7 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

VO2 max (mL/(kg-min))

Gender specific Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 50.0 - 90.0 mL/(kg-min)

Also known as: VO2 max, maximal oxygen uptake, max aerobic capacity, aerobic capacity test, oxygen consumption test

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Whole Blood

RHR (bpm)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 30 - 50 bpm

Also known as: Resting Heart Rate, RHR

2 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

SmO2 (% time<10%) (%)

Muscle
Optimal range: 0 - 10 %

3 testing methods 5 lifestyle factors Blood Oxygen Saturation is typically derived from capillary, venous, or arterial blood gas analysis. For SmO2 testing, focus is on muscle tissue oxygenation specifically and therefore would be more focused on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensor readings from tissues rather than traditional blood samples.

Fat (optimal) (L visceral)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: ≥ 0.0 L visceral

Also known as: LDL, Low-Density Lipoprotein, HDL, High-Density Lipoprotein, Triglycerides, Total Cholesterol

2 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

CAC Score (Agatston units (AU))

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 0 - 100 Agatston units (AU)

Also known as: Coronary Artery Calcium Score, CAC Testing, Calcium Score, Coronary Calcium Score

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors None

hsCRP (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 0 - 1 mg/dL

Also known as: hsCRP, High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, High-sensitivity CRP

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Apo-A1 (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: ≥ 150 mg/dL

Also known as: Apolipoprotein A1, ApoA1

6 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

Gender specific Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 0 - 50 mg/dL

Also known as: TG, Triglyceride test, Serum triglycerides

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

oxLDL (ng/mL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 0.0 - 20.0 ng/mL

Also known as: oxLDL, oxidized LDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein

6 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Systolic BP (mmHg)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 90 - 120 mmHg

Also known as: SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure, systolic BP

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 60 - 80 mmHg

Also known as: DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic BP

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

BNP (pg/mL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 0 - 100 pg/mL

Also known as: BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide, N-terminal proBNP, NT-proBNP

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

GGT (U/L)

Liver
Optimal range: 0 - 10 U/L

Also known as: GGT, Gamma GT, Gamma-glutamyl transferase

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Omega3 Index (% (EPA+DHA))

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 8.0 - 14.0 % (EPA+DHA)

Also known as: Omega-3 Index, Omega-3 Fatty Acids Test, Omega-3 Blood Test

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Whole Blood

Hematocrit (%)

Gender specific Hematology
Optimal range: 38.0 - 50.0 %

Also known as: Hct, Packed cell volume, PCV

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Whole Blood

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

Gender specific Hematology
Optimal range: 13.5 - 17.5 g/dL

Also known as: Hb, Hemoglobin A, Hgb, Total hemoglobin, Hemoglobin level

6 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Whole Blood

Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) (fL)

Gender specific Hematology
Optimal range: 7.5 - 10.5 fL

Also known as: MPV, Mean Platelet Volume

4 testing methods 1 lifestyle factors Whole Blood

Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 80.0 - 160.0 mg/dL

Also known as: TC, Total Chol, Cholesterol, Cholesterol, Total

7 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 10.0 - 70.0 mg/dL

Also known as: LDL, Low-Density Lipoprotein, LDL-C

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 60.0 - 100.0 mg/dL

Also known as: HDL, High-Density Lipoprotein, HDL-C, HDL cholesterol

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

HDL Large (mg/dL)

Gender specific Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 20.0 - 30.0 mg/dL

Also known as: HDL, High-Density Lipoprotein, HDL Cholesterol

3 testing methods 8 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

LDL Medium (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: LDL cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein, LDL-C

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

LDL Particle Number (nmol/L)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: LDL-P, LDL Particle Number, Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Number

6 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

LDL Pattern (A or B)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: LDL pattern, Low-Density Lipoprotein pattern, LDL subclass analysis

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

LDL Peak Size (nm)

Gender specific Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 20.5 - 22.0 nm

Also known as: LDL-P, Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Size, LDL Particle Size

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

LDL Small (nmol/L)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: LDL, Low-Density Lipoprotein, LDL-C, LDL Cholesterol

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

Lipoprotein Fractionation (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: Lipoprotein profile, Lipid panel, LDL subfraction analysis, HDL subfraction analysis

7 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Non-HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 0.0 - 80.0 mg/dL

Also known as: Non-HDL-C, Non-HDL Cholesterol

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Total Lipids (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 300.0 - 600.0 mg/dL

Also known as: Total Lipids, Lipid Panel, Lipid Profile

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Glucose (mg/dL)

Metabolic
Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: Glucose, Blood sugar, Fasting blood sugar, Random blood sugar

7 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

Potassium (mmol/L)

Gender specific Electrolytes
Optimal range: 3.5 - 5.0 mmol/L

Also known as: K, Serum potassium, Potassium test

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Sodium (mmol/L)

Gender specific Electrolytes
Optimal range: 135.0 - 145.0 mmol/L

Also known as: Na, Sodium level, Serum sodium

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 40.0 - 80.0 mg/dL

Also known as: Apo B, Apolipoprotein B, Apolipoprotein B-100, Atherogenic protein

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) (mg/L)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: hs-CRP, High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, CRP test

6 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Homocysteine (µmol/L)

Gender specific Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 5.0 - 15.0 µmol/L

Also known as: Homocysteine, Hcy

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

Lipoprotein (a) (nmol/L)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: Lipoprotein(a), Lp(a), LpA

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Omega 3: EPA+DPA+DHA (percent of total fatty acids)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 8.0 - 14.0 percent of total fatty acids

Also known as: Omega-3 fatty acids, Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Dihomogamma-linolenic acid (DPA)

5 testing methods 5 lifestyle factors Whole Blood

Omega 3 Total (mg/dL)

Gender specific Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 20.0 - 8.0 mg/dL

Also known as: Omega-3 Index, Omega-3 Fatty Acid Profile, O3FA test

4 testing methods 5 lifestyle factors Whole Blood

Omega 6: Arachidonic Acid (µg/mL)

Gender specific Inflammatory
Optimal range: 30.0 - 70.0 µg/mL

Also known as: AA, Arachidonic acid, Omega-6 fatty acid

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Arachidonic Acid/EPA Ratio (ratio)

Gender specific Inflammatory
Optimal range: 1.5 - 3.0 ratio

Also known as: AA/EPA Ratio, Arachidonic Acid to Eicosapentaenoic Acid Ratio

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

Omega 6/Omega 3 Ratio (ratio)

Gender specific Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 1.0 - 4.0 ratio

Also known as: Omega-6 to Omega-3 ratio, Omega-6/Omega-3 fatty acid ratio, O6/O3 ratio, Omega-3 index

3 testing methods 8 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

Lead (µg/dL)

Neurological
Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: Lead, Pb, Blood Lead Level, Lead Test

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Whole Blood

Albumin (Microalbumin) - Urine (mg/L)

Gender specific Kidney
Optimal range: 0.0 - 30.0 mg/L

Also known as: Urinary Albumin, Microalbuminuria, UACR, Urine Microalbumin, Creatinine-adjusted Microalbumin

1 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Urine
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