About Insulin
Perfect insulin sensitivity
Reference Values
Optimal Range
≥ 2.0 uIU/mL
Women's Optimal Range
2.6 - 24.9 uIU/mL
Elite Value
2.0 uIU/mL
Health Implications
High
Elevated levels may indicate insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia, which can lead to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Low
Low levels may be associated with type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis, causing issues like rapid weight loss and dehydration.
Symptoms
High
May include increased thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision, headaches, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, and difficulty concentrating.
Low
Can include dizziness, weakness, sweating, irritability, shakiness, confusion, rapid heartbeat, and hunger.
Lifestyle Factors
Specimen Type
Testing Methods
Also Known As
Scientific Sources
- Panagiotou, M., Stroemmen, K., Brigato, L., de Galan, B. E., & Mougiakakou, S. (2025). The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Insulin Recommendations and Therapy Outcomes. arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.18592.
- American Diabetes Association. (2022). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022. Diabetes Care, 45(Supplement_1), S1–S264.
- Davies, M. J., D'Alessio, D. A., Fradkin, J., Kernan, W. N., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., Rossing, P., Tsapas, A., Wexler, D. J., & Buse, J. B. (2018). Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2018. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care, 41(12), 2669–2701.
- American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. (2020). AACE/ACE Consensus Statement: Comprehensive Type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm. Endocrine Practice, 26(1), 107–139.
- International Diabetes Federation. (2019). IDF Clinical Practice Recommendations for Managing Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care. International Diabetes Federation.