Metabolic Biomarkers

Learn about key biomarkers related to metabolic health

Biomarkers > Categories > Metabolic

Metabolic Biomarkers

Speed of aging (years/chronological years)

Metabolic
Optimal range: 0.0 - 0.6 years/chronological years

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

Sleep (%)

Neurological
Optimal range: 90 - 100 %

Also known as: PSG, Polysomnography, Sleep study

6 testing methods 8 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

Fasting Glucose (mg/dL)

Metabolic
Optimal range: 70 - 80 mg/dL

Also known as: Fasting Blood Sugar, FBS, Fasting Plasma Glucose, Fasting Glucose Test

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Insulin (uIU/mL)

Gender specific Metabolic
Optimal range: ≥ 2.0 uIU/mL

Also known as: Insulin, Insulin test, C-peptide test, Glycemic control test, Insulin antibody test

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Uric Acid (mg/dL)

Gender specific Metabolic
Optimal range: ≥ 3.5 mg/dL

Also known as: Uric Acid, UA, Serum Uric Acid, Uric Acid Test

4 testing methods 7 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

VO2 max (mL/(kg-min))

Gender specific Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 50.0 - 90.0 mL/(kg-min)

Also known as: VO2 max, maximal oxygen uptake, max aerobic capacity, aerobic capacity test, oxygen consumption test

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Whole Blood

SmO2 (% time<10%) (%)

Muscle
Optimal range: 0 - 10 %

3 testing methods 5 lifestyle factors Blood Oxygen Saturation is typically derived from capillary

Bone Mineral Density (Z score)

Bone
Optimal range: ≥ 3.0 Z score

Also known as: BMD, DEXA, DXA scan, Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, Bone density test

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Scan

Grip Strength (lbs)

Gender specific Muscle
Optimal range: ≥ 80 lbs

Also known as: Grip Strength Test, Hand Grip Test, Dynamometer Test, Handgrip Strength Test, HGS

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors N/A

Fat (optimal) (L visceral)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: ≥ 0.0 L visceral

Also known as: LDL, Low-Density Lipoprotein, HDL, High-Density Lipoprotein, Triglycerides, Total Cholesterol

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

TSH (uIU/mL)

Hormonal
Optimal range: 0.5 - 2.0 uIU/mL

Also known as: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, TSH test

5 testing methods 5 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Apo-A1 (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: ≥ 150 mg/dL

Also known as: Apolipoprotein A1, ApoA1

6 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

Gender specific Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 0 - 50 mg/dL

Also known as: TG, Triglyceride test, Serum triglycerides

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

oxLDL (ng/mL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 0.0 - 20.0 ng/mL

Also known as: oxLDL, oxidized LDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Systolic BP (mmHg)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 90 - 120 mmHg

Also known as: SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure, systolic BP

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood

GFR (mL/min/1.73m²)

Kidney
Optimal range: ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73m²

Also known as: GFR, Glomerular Filtration Rate, eGFR, Estimated GFR

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Creatinine (mg/dL)

Gender specific Kidney
Optimal range: 0.6 - 0.9 mg/dL

Also known as: Creatinine clearance, CrCl, Serum creatinine, Urinary creatinine, Creatinine serum test

6 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Cystatin-C (mg/L)

Kidney
Optimal range: 0 - 0.7 mg/L

Also known as: Cystatin-C, Cystatin C, CyC

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

GGT (U/L)

Liver
Optimal range: 0 - 10 U/L

Also known as: GGT, Gamma GT, Gamma-glutamyl transferase

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 80.0 - 160.0 mg/dL

Also known as: TC, Total Chol, Cholesterol, Cholesterol, Total

7 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 10.0 - 70.0 mg/dL

Also known as: LDL, Low-Density Lipoprotein, LDL-C

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 60.0 - 100.0 mg/dL

Also known as: HDL, High-Density Lipoprotein, HDL-C, HDL cholesterol

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

HDL Large (mg/dL)

Gender specific Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 20.0 - 30.0 mg/dL

Also known as: HDL, High-Density Lipoprotein, HDL Cholesterol

3 testing methods 8 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

LDL Medium (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: LDL cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein, LDL-C

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

LDL Particle Number (nmol/L)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: LDL-P, LDL Particle Number, Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Number

6 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

LDL Pattern (A or B)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: LDL pattern, Low-Density Lipoprotein pattern, LDL subclass analysis

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

LDL Peak Size (nm)

Gender specific Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 20.5 - 22.0 nm

Also known as: LDL-P, Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Size, LDL Particle Size

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

LDL Small (nmol/L)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: LDL, Low-Density Lipoprotein, LDL-C, LDL Cholesterol

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

Lipoprotein Fractionation (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: Lipoprotein profile, Lipid panel, LDL subfraction analysis, HDL subfraction analysis

7 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Non-HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 0.0 - 80.0 mg/dL

Also known as: Non-HDL-C, Non-HDL Cholesterol

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Total Lipids (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 300.0 - 600.0 mg/dL

Also known as: Total Lipids, Lipid Panel, Lipid Profile

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Alanine Transaminase (ALT) (U/L)

Gender specific Liver
Optimal range: 7.0 - 35.0 U/L

Also known as: SGPT, Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) (mg/dL)

Gender specific Kidney
Optimal range: 7.0 - 20.0 mg/dL

Also known as: BUN, Blood Urea Nitrogen

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

BUN / Creatinine Ratio (ratio)

Gender specific Kidney
Optimal range: 10.0 - 20.0 ratio

Also known as: BUN/Cr Ratio, Blood Urea Nitrogen to Creatinine Ratio, Urea/Creatinine Ratio

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Calcium (mg/dL)

Gender specific Bone
Optimal range: 8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL

Also known as: Calcium, Ca, Total Calcium, Ionized Calcium, Serum Calcium

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Carbon Dioxide (mmol/L)

Gender specific Metabolic
Optimal range: 20.0 - 29.0 mmol/L

Also known as: CO2, Carbon Dioxide Level, Total Carbon Dioxide (TCO2), Venous Carbon Dioxide, Arterial Carbon Dioxide

6 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Chloride (mmol/L)

Gender specific Electrolytes
Optimal range: 98.0 - 107.0 mmol/L

Also known as: Chloride test, Cl, Serum chloride, Urine chloride

7 testing methods 5 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Glucose (mg/dL)

Metabolic
Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: Glucose, Blood sugar, Fasting blood sugar, Random blood sugar

7 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) (nmol/L)

Gender specific Hormonal
Optimal range: 10.0 - 45.0 nmol/L

Also known as: SHBG, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Testosterone, Free (pg/mL)

Gender specific Hormonal
Optimal range: ≥ 15.0 pg/mL

Also known as: Free testosterone, FT, Testosterone free

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) (mg/dL)

Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 40.0 - 80.0 mg/dL

Also known as: Apo B, Apolipoprotein B, Apolipoprotein B-100, Atherogenic protein

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Cortisol (µg/dL)

Hormonal
Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: Cortisol, Hydrocortisone, C21H30O5

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Estradiol (E2) (male) (pg/mL)

Hormonal
Optimal range: 10.0 - 30.0 pg/mL

Also known as: Estradiol, E2, Estrogen test

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (%)

Metabolic
Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: HbA1c, Glycated hemoglobin, A1C test

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Whole Blood

Homocysteine (µmol/L)

Gender specific Cardiovascular
Optimal range: 5.0 - 15.0 µmol/L

Also known as: Homocysteine, Hcy

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

Magnesium (mg/dL)

Gender specific Electrolytes
Optimal range: 1.8 - 2.2 mg/dL

Also known as: Magnesium, Mg, Serum magnesium, Magnesium blood test, Magnesium level

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) (mIU/L)

Thyroid
Optimal range: 0.3 - 1.8 mIU/L

Also known as: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, TSH test, Thyrotropin

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Omega 6 Total (percentage)

Gender specific Metabolic
Optimal range: 1.0 - 3.0 percentage

Also known as: Omega-6 fatty acids, Omega-6 total, LA (Linoleic Acid) test

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

Omega 6: Linoleic Acid (mol/mol)

Gender specific Inflammatory
Optimal range: 40.0 - 60.0 mol/mol

Also known as: Linoleic Acid, LA, Omega-6 fatty acid

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

Arachidonic Acid/EPA Ratio (ratio)

Gender specific Inflammatory
Optimal range: 1.5 - 3.0 ratio

Also known as: AA/EPA Ratio, Arachidonic Acid to Eicosapentaenoic Acid Ratio

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Plasma

IGF-1 (ng/mL)

Hormonal
Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: Insulin-like Growth Factor 1, IGF-1, Somatomedin C

5 testing methods 5 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Amylase (U/L)

Metabolic
Optimal range: 30.0 - 100.0 U/L

Also known as: Amylase, Serum Amylase, Salivary Amylase, Amy

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

DHEA-Sulfate (µg/dL)

Gender specific Hormonal
Optimal range: ≥ 400 µg/dL

Also known as: DHEA-S, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, DHEA

3 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Leptin (ng/mL)

Metabolic
Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: Leptin test, serum leptin, leptin blood test

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Lipase (U/L)

Gender specific Metabolic
Optimal range: 13.0 - 60.0 U/L

Also known as: Lipasemia, LIP, Lipase Test

5 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Prolactin (ng/mL)

Gender specific Hormonal
Optimal range: 4.0 - 15.0 ng/mL

Also known as: PRL, Serum Prolactin, Prolactin Level

6 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Thyroxine (T4) Free (ng/dL)

Gender specific Hormonal
Optimal range: 0.8 - 1.8 ng/dL

Also known as: Free T4, Free Thyroxine, T4 Free, Thyroxine, Total T4

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Triiodothyronine (T3) Free (pg/mL)

Gender specific Thyroid
Optimal range: 2.3 - 4.2 pg/mL

Also known as: Free T3, Triiodothyronine Free, FT3

2 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum

Albumin/Creatinine Ratio - Urine (mg/g)

Kidney
Optimal range: 0.0 - 30.0 mg/g

Also known as: ACR, Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, Urine ACR, Albumin/Creatinine Ratio

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Spot Urine

Creatinine - Urine (mg/dL)

Kidney
Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: Urinary creatinine, Urine creatinine, Creatinine clearance test, CrCl

7 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Urine

Albumin (Microalbumin) - Urine (mg/L)

Gender specific Kidney
Optimal range: 0.0 - 30.0 mg/L

Also known as: Urinary Albumin, Microalbuminuria, UACR, Urine Microalbumin, Creatinine-adjusted Microalbumin

10 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Urine

Progesterone (ng/mL)

Hormonal
Optimal range: Not specified

Also known as: P4, Progesterone blood test, 17-OH progesterone

4 testing methods 6 lifestyle factors Blood Serum
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