About S-100B
S-100B is a calcium-binding protein mostly found in the brain, primarily in glial cells such as astrocytes, and in certain peripheral tissues. It serves as a marker for blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, and brain injury. Elevated levels can indicate brain damage caused by traumatic injuries, cerebrovascular diseases, or neurodegenerative disorders.
Reference Values
Optimal Range
0 - 100 ng/L
Elite Value
Not specified
Health Implications
High
Elevated levels may indicate a possible brain injury, tumor, or neurodegenerative condition as S-100B is a biomarker for central nervous system damage.
Low
Low levels may be associated with the normal functioning of the body, but in certain scenarios, it could also reflect the effectiveness of ongoing treatment reducing previously higher levels.
Symptoms
High
May include headaches, fatigue, and mood swings.
Low
Can include dizziness, weakness, and poor coordination.
Lifestyle Factors
Specimen Type
Testing Methods
Also Known As
Scientific Sources
- Donato, R., Sorci, G., & Giambanco, I. (2019). S100B's double life: Intracellular regulator and extracellular signal. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research, 1866(12), 1185-1197.
- Michetti, F., Massaro, A., Russo, G., & Rigon, G. (2019). The S100B protein in biological fluids: More than a lifelong biomarker of brain distress. Journal of Neurochemistry, 148(2), 168-187.
- Thelin, E. P., Nelson, D. W., & Bellander, B. M. (2017). A review of the clinical utility of serum S100B protein levels in the assessment of traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurochirurgica, 159(2), 209-225.
- Zongo, D., Ribéreau-Gayon, R., Masson, F., Laborey, M., Contrand, B., Salmi, L. R., ... & Beaudeux, J. L. (2012). S100-B protein as a screening tool for the early assessment of minor head injury. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 59(3), 209-218.
- American College of Emergency Physicians. (2018). Clinical policy: Neuroimaging and decisionmaking in adult mild traumatic brain injury in the acute setting. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 71(6), e55-e89.