VO2 max (mL/(kg-min))

Cardiovascular

About VO2 max

VO2 max, or maximal oxygen uptake, measures the maximum amount of oxygen the body can utilize during intense exercise. It is a key indicator of cardiovascular and aerobic fitness and is commonly used to assess the physical fitness level of endurance athletes. VO2 max reflects the efficiency of the heart, lungs, and muscles in consuming oxygen and is considered the gold standard for measuring physical endurance capacity.

Reference Values

Optimal Range
50.0 - 90.0 mL/(kg-min)
Women's Optimal Range
40.0 - 80.0 mL/(kg-min)
Elite Value
90.0 mL/(kg-min)

Health Implications

{'high': 'Elevated levels may indicate exceptional cardiovascular fitness, but if excessively high, it could be a sign of underlying conditions such as hyperactivity of the cardiovascular system.', 'low': 'Low levels may be associated with inadequate cardiorespiratory endurance, potential respiratory disorders, or lifestyle factors leading to increased cardiovascular risks.'}

Symptoms

High
May include breathlessness, decreased performance, and an unusually high heart rate.
Low
Can include fatigue, dizziness, reduced exercise capacity, and difficulty breathing.

Lifestyle Factors

High-intensity interval training Consistent aerobic exercises Adequate hydration Sufficient sleep Balanced nutrition Stress reduction techniques

Specimen Type

Whole Blood Blood Plasma

Testing Methods

Treadmill Test Cycle Ergometer Test Arm Ergometer Test Field Test Portable Metabolic Analyzer
Also Known As
VO2 maxmaximal oxygen uptakemax aerobic capacityaerobic capacity testoxygen consumption test

Scientific Sources

  1. | Bassett, D. R., & Howley, E. T. (2017). Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance. *Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise*, 49(1), 44-55.
  2. Ross, R., Blair, S. N., Arena, R., Church, T. S., Després, J.-P., Franklin, B. A., ... & American Heart Association Physical Activity Committee of the Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health. (2016). Importance of assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in clinical practice: A case for fitness as a clinical vital sign: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. *Circulation*, 134(24), e653-e699.
  3. Poole, D. C., & Jones, A. M. (2017). Measurement of the maximum oxygen uptake V̇O2max: V̇O2peak is no longer acceptable. *Journal of Applied Physiology*, 122(4), 997-1002.
  4. American College of Sports Medicine. (2021). ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer. |

Related Biomarkers

Testing Information

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