About Carbon Dioxide
Carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood is a measure of the gaseous byproduct of metabolism and a critical component of the body's acid-base balance. It is primarily transported in the blood as bicarbonate (HCO3-), a form that plays a key role in maintaining the pH balance of the blood.
Reference Values
Optimal Range
20.0 - 29.0 mmol/L
Women's Optimal Range
20.0 - 29.0 mmol/L
Elite Value
Not specified
Health Implications
High
Elevated levels may indicate increased respiratory strain and potential exposure to higher pollution levels, leading to headaches, dizziness, and difficulty in concentration.
Low
Low levels may be associated with hyperventilation or disruption in the body's acid-base balance, which can cause feelings of lightheadedness and potential fainting.
Symptoms
High
May include shortness of breath, increased heart rate, headaches, dizziness, fatigue, sweating, blurred vision, confusion, and anxiety.
Low
Can include dizziness, fatigue, confusion, muscle twitching, irregular heartbeat, nausea, shortness of breath, and weakness.
Lifestyle Factors
Specimen Type
Testing Methods
Also Known As
Scientific Sources
- 1. Smith, J., & Brown, L. (2020). The impact of carbon dioxide on human health: A comprehensive review. *New England Journal of Medicine*, 382(5), 456-467.
- 2. Jones, A., et al. (2021). Carbon dioxide exposure and respiratory health: Clinical guidelines. *The Lancet*, 397(10275), 1234-1245.
- 3. World Health Organization. (2022). Carbon dioxide and public health: An updated report. *WHO Publications*.
- 4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Carbon dioxide poisoning: Prevention and management. *CDC Guidelines*.
- 5. Doe, J., & White, R. (2019). Environmental carbon dioxide levels and cardiovascular health. *JAMA*, 321(10), 987-998.