About SmO2 (% time<10%)
SmO2, or muscle oxygen saturation, is a measure of the percentage of hemoglobin in muscle tissue that is bound with oxygen. The '% time <10%' indicates the percentage of time that muscle oxygen saturation falls below the critical threshold of 10%, suggesting periods of significant oxygen deprivation in the muscle tissue. This biomarker is important for assessing muscle oxygenation during exercise or other conditions that may affect oxygen delivery and utilization.
Reference Values
Optimal Range
0 - 10 %
Elite Value
Not specified
Health Implications
{'high': 'Elevated levels may indicate hyperoxia, which can lead to oxygen toxicity, affecting the lungs and central nervous system.', 'low': 'Low levels may be associated with hypoxia, increasing the risk for tissue damage and organ failure due to insufficient oxygen supply.'}
Symptoms
High
May include fatigue, headaches, shortness of breath, or feelings of anxiety.
Low
Can include dizziness, weakness, fainting, or confusion.
Lifestyle Factors
Specimen Type
Testing Methods
Scientific Sources
- 1. Matthews, I. R., Heenan, L. J., Fisher, K. G., Flood, E. F., Wehrman, L. W., Kirby, B. S., & Wilkins, B. W. (2023). Identification of maximal steady-state metabolic rate by the change in muscle oxygen saturation. *Journal of Applied Physiology*, 134(1), 1-10. 2. Kirby, B. S., Clark, I. E., Wilkins, B. W., Vanhatalo, A., & Jones, A. M. (2023). Muscle oxygen saturation describes exercise tolerance during prolonged fatiguing exercise. *Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise*, 55(9S), 381. 3. McCarthy, R., Locke, E., Kadry, A., Torad, A., Elwan, M., Appiah-Kubi, K., Towler, C., & Boolani, A. (2022). Associations between heart rate and skeletal muscle oxygen saturation (SmO₂) in upper and lower extremities during self-paced walking. *The FASEB Journal*, 36(S1), R6045. 4. Poole, D. C., & Jones, A. M. (2023). Oxygen uptake kinetics and muscle oxygenation during exercise: Implications for performance and training. *Sports Medicine*, 53(2), 197-210. 5. McCully, K. K., & Behnke, B. J. (2021). Age-related changes in skeletal muscle oxygen utilization. *Journal of Applied Physiology*, 130(3), 707-717.