About Uric Acid
Balanced antioxidant levels
Reference Values
Optimal Range
≥ 3.5 mg/dL
Women's Optimal Range
≥ 2.5 mg/dL
Elite Value
3.5 mg/dL
Health Implications
High
Elevated levels may indicate gout, which can cause painful joint inflammation, or kidney stones, potentially damaging the kidneys.
Low
Low levels may be associated with certain genetic disorders or the use of specific medications, potentially affecting the body's ability to manage cell growth and repair.
Symptoms
High
May include joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and redness, often starting in the big toe, and can also cause fatigue and headaches.
Low
Can include fatigue, weakness, dizziness, and feeling cold, sometimes accompanied by unintentional weight loss.
Lifestyle Factors
Specimen Type
Testing Methods
Also Known As
Scientific Sources
- Li, X., Meng, X., Timofeeva, M., Tzoulaki, I., Tsilidis, K. K., Ioannidis, P. A., Campbell, H., & Theodoratou, E. (2017). Serum uric acid levels and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of evidence from observational studies, randomised controlled trials, and Mendelian randomisation studies. *BMJ*, 357, j2376.
- Wu, N., Xia, J., Chen, S., Zhang, R., & Song, Y. (2021). Serum uric acid and risk of incident chronic kidney disease: a national cohort study and updated meta-analysis. *Nutrition & Metabolism*, 18, 94.
- Badve, S. V., Pascoe, E. M., Tiku, A., Boudville, N., Brown, F., Cass, A., Gallagher, M. P., Hawley, C. M., Jardine, M. J., Johnson, D. W., Perkovic, V., Walker, R. J., & White, S. L. (2020). Effects of allopurinol on the progression of chronic kidney disease. *New England Journal of Medicine*, 382(26), 2504–2513.
- Doria, A., Galecki, A. T., Spino, C., Pop-Busui, R., & Orchard, T. J. (2020). Serum urate lowering with allopurinol and kidney function in type 1 diabetes. *New England Journal of Medicine*, 382(26), 2493–2503.
- Johnson, R. J., Bakris, G. L., Borghi, C., Chonchol, M., Feldman, D., Lanaspa, M. A., Merriman, T. R., Mazzali, M., & Sanchez-Lozada, L. G. (2018). Hyperuricemia, acute and chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: report of a scientific workshop organized by the National Kidney Foundation. *American Journal of Kidney Diseases*, 71(6), 851–865.